Abstract:Access to justice cannot be easily defined. It is a political, legal and rhetorical symbol undeniable power and attractiveness for the subjects of statecraft. Access to justice has an intrinsic nexus with the term justice, in the sense that it is its minimum prerequisite. The notion of justice evokes the cognition of the rule of law, of the resolution of conflicts, of institutions that make law and of those who enforce it; it expresses fairness and the implicit recognition of the principle of equality. Access to justice relates to the ease of entry to the legal institution as also to the nature of the de jure fact that carries its promise. The concept of access to justice has undergone an important transformation; earlier a right of access to judicial protection meant essentially the aggrieved individuals formal right to merely litigate or defend a claim. The reason behind this was that access to justice was a natural right and natural rights did not require affirmative state action. However, with the emergence of the concept of welfare state the right to access to justice has gained special attention and it has become right of effective access to justice. In the modern egalitarian legal system the effective access to justice is regarded as the most basic human right which not only proclaims but guarantees the legal rights of all. In today’s world “access to justice” means having recourse to an affordable, quick, satisfactory settlement of disputes. In other words it serves to focus on two basic purposes of legal system – the system by which people may vindicate their rights and / or resolve their disputes under the general auspicious of the state. Thus it requires that the system, firstly, must be equally accessible to all, and secondly, it must lead to the result that are individually and socially just. This paper thus seeks to deal with problems of access to justice from the point of view of power dynamics, by analyzing ancient legal model, present access to justice model and the model provided under the constitution.

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Abstract:Manipur is a tiny state in India situated in the North-Eastern part of India bordering Myanmar. It was an independent country prior to the Anglo Manipur war in 1891. It was nicknamed as “valley of Manipur”, "Jewel on the Earth" and "Flower on lofty heights" by many authors due to its extreme beauty and isolated location. It is one of the oldest civilizations in this part of the world and has been constantly at war with many of its neighbours. So, the skills of swordsmanship and use of spear were of highest order. Though the origin of Thang (Sword) and Ta (Spear) is merged with mythology, scientific investigations have given evidence of a very early use of iron in Manipur. Sheikh (2017) examined the iron slags available in Kakching (Manipur) through TL technique and it was found that they are more than 1600±80 years old and it was evidence of a very early use of iron, perhaps the oldest use of iron in these parts of the world. As such it was quite natural that the Manipuris had a highly developed skill of Thang- Ta and also it had a close link with the culture and the dances of Manipur (Rishikesh, 2008). Indu Devi (2016) observed that the Manipuri Dances both folk and classical had its origin in Thang-Ta. The cultural links, war practices and war games gave rise to many martial arts and indigenous games and it is regarded as one of the reasons for Manipur for being so rich in games and sports often taunted as powerhouse of sports.

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Abstract:Many scientific investigations have increased in recent years due to the popularity of the Badminton game in the World. However, there is a lack of Descriptive data on the motor fitness of Manipur male Badminton players. Therefore the study aims to measure and describe the selected variables of motor fitness of male Badminton players. The sample included 21 male national badminton players of Manipur Badminton Association of 18-23 years (mean age 19.6±2.26 years). The selected variables were assessed: body weight; height; abdominal strength(sit-up), power(vertical jump), and speed(30m Dash). Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) were used for data analysis using IBM SPSS 20. The mean height, body weight, and selected motor fitness variables are somewhat lower than other country badminton players. The result of the study can help coaches in identifying and choosing new badminton players, and also help to design the training program to enhance badminton performance.

Keywords:motor fitness, strength, power, speed, badminton player.

Abstract:The world has moved to the concept of virtual world very rapidly during the pandemic. Where the classrooms teaching has shifted to online learning these days, effective digital tools have become an integral part of teaching learning process. Web 2.0 which is also known as Participative and Social Web refers to websites that emphasize user-generated content that are easy to use and compatible with other systems and devices for end users. These tools provide a chance to create learner-cantered environment that maximizes use of the target language while catering to interpersonal, interpretive and presentational modes of communication. As a result, the learners can practice the language more while interpreting content. Also, the learners can demonstrate and document their language understanding through the help of the tools mentioned in the paper. The present paper provides archetypes of activities that can be incorporated in Web 2.0 which can be used in the language classroom to create appealing learning environment.

Keywords:Language learning, Learner centred approach, Social Web, Web 2.0

Abstract:This research is a study on the career plans of under graduate and post graduate students studying in various educational institutions offering formal under graduate or post graduate programs located in East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya. Although the state witness a literacy rate of 74.43% and East Khasi Hills District in particular has literacy rate of 84.7 %, the current trend of unemployment, under employment and lack of self employment among educated youths in the state is still a concern (Rao, 2016). The overall greater unemployment rate (GUER) in Meghalaya state amongst those with atleast a graduate degree as of 2019 is 13.09 of the labor force (Center for Monitoring Indian Economy, 2019). It is commonly observe that unemployment and employability related issues among educated youth in the state were directly related to conditions of labor market and scarcity of jobs. However, this initial perception fails to take into account the career planning and career development resources for a student at the undergraduate (UG) and post graduate (PG) level as they prepare themselves for starting a career. In this study, mixed qualitative and quantitative research was applied aiming at identification of career plans among the under graduate and post graduate students. Variables such as gender, socio-economic status, and other socio-cultural dimensions that may be influencing their plans were explored. Following convenience sampling, a total sample size of 385 having 223 UG and 162 PG students, participated in this study with an average age of 20 for UG and 23 for PG. There were six faculty, 2 Heads of institutions, and 3 representatives from job providers in Meghalaya who were interviewed for this study. Both undergraduate and post graduate students shows average to good career planning, however data from the qualitative research reveals that most of these students do not seem to have plans after their studies. There are also variations of the findings across gender, socio-economic status but not in the type of institution, level of study and ethnicity. This paper discusses at length the gaps between the student’s perception of career planning and their expression of need for structured career services in the higher educational institutions.

Keywords:Career planning, under graduate (UG), post graduate (PG), higher educational institutions, Meghalaya.