Abstract:supercapacitors or ultracapacitors are becoming increasingly popular as alternatives for the conventional and traditional battery sources. This brief overview focuses on the different types of super capacitors, the relevant quantitative modeling areas and the future of supercapacitors research and development. Supercapacitors may emerge as the solution for many application-specific power systems. Especially, there has been great interest in developing supercapacitors for electric vehicle hybrid power systems, pulses power applications, as well as backup and emergency power supplies, because of their flexibility, however, supercapacitors can be adapted to serve in roles for which electrochemical that make them ideally suited to specialized roles and applications that complement the strengths of batteries. In particular, supercapacitors have great potential for applications that require a combinations of high power, short charging time, high cycling stability and long shelf life. Hence supercapacitors are the future batteries of life-long batteries that can be charge up almost anything and everything within seconds

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Abstract:In bridge construction when the roads cross the streams and canals at angles other than 90 degrees, reinforced concrete skew slabs are widely used. The number of skew bridges increases in modern highways, in order to cater to high speeds and more safety requirements of the traffic. The research deals with the finite element modeling of simply supported skew slab using finite element software ETABS. The simply supported skew slab is analyzed with a concentrated load at the center of deck slab and knife edge load parallel to the abutment. The skew angles considered are 00, 200, 400 and 600. The carriageway widths are selected as per IRC 6: 2010. IRC Class A loading is also considered to analyze the skew bridges. With the increase in skew angles, the load carrying capacity also increases. The shear force increases with increase in skew angles and the increment is 76%. For greater span lengths the torsion will be greater and failure occurs near the abutments.

Keywords:Concentrated Loads, Knife edge Loads, Skew Angles, Skew Bridges

Abstract:Grout curtains are vertically drilled tangent shafts that are filled with cementatious material that create a barrier to help prevent excessive seepage under a dam. Grout curtains are intended to be impervious walls that typically exist below infrastructure to minimize water seepage. Along with seepage minimalization under dams, grout curtains are also minimize groundwater infiltration and subsequent erosion of the geologic formation. Grout curtains are typical used impermeable soil or rock masses to decrease seepage. Grout curtains are important to dam and other earthen impoundment restoration projects. Electrical resistivity methods are used to find out the effectiveness of grout curtain. Experiments are conducts using three types of grouts. Electrical resistivity of soil with different grout curtains are analysed and compared. Also the effect spacing on performance grout curtain were studied.

Keywords:Electrical resistivity methods, Grout curtain

Abstract:Deep excavations performed in urban populated cities forms an inevitable part of the construction sequence. During excavation, excessive soil movement may cause severe damages to the adjacent structures. Lateral forces acting on the piles from surrounding soil movement results in additional internal forces and excessive deflection of piles. In this present study, the behavior of pile foundation subjected to lateral soil movements was studied by conducting laboratory model tests. Excavation was carries out in stages at vertical intervals of 2.5m from the ground surface up to a depth of 10m. No study was carried out to compare the excavation induced lateral movement in belled and vertical pile. The study was carried out by varying excavation depth, distance of pile from excavation face. Belled piles have minimum lateral deflection compared to vertical pile during excessive soil movement. For a depth of excavation 2.5m belled and multi belled piles have shown 66 % to 82 % and 71 % to 100% less deflection when compared with short piles. When compared with short piles, intermediate piles and long piles have shown 14 % to 45% and 47 % to 63 % less deflection values for 2.5m depth of excavation.

Keywords:Belled pile, excavation, lateral deflection, soil movement, vertical pile

Abstract:The study was conducted to determine the effect of Trisodium Citrate (TSC) on quality of Processed paneer. The pH increased significantly from 5.71 ± 0.06 in control to 6.13 ± 0.01in sample with 1.5 % TSC. Titratable acidity decreased significantly from 0.28 ± 0.01in control to 0.21 ± 0.01 in sample with 1.5 % TSC. Emulsion stability showed a significant decrease with addition of TSC at 1% and 1.5% levels compared to control. The moisture content of all treatments was comparable with control. The fat and protein content decreased numerically but decline was significant at 1.5% TSC level only. The ash content followed a numerical increase with addition of TSC though the increase was significantly higher at 1.5% level compared with control. Based on the inference drawn from the results, sample with 1% TSC level was found to possess most desirable characteristics in terms of physiochemical and proximate characteristics.

Keywords:Emulsification, Processed Paneer Spread, Proximate Composition